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GuidesBanking & Financial Services2026 edition · Issue 01

The Financial Services Guide to Customer Acquisition

How banks, mutuals, lenders, brokers, trading platforms and wealth managers acquire customers on unit economics rather than click volume: the website, search, paid media, conversion, nurturing and measurement, in the order that has worked.

28 min readAustralia · New Zealand · United KingdomBy Michael Wilkins

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Introduction

Why acquisition in financial services is a unit-economics problem

A financial product does not pay back on clicks. It pays back on the margin earned across the period a customer holds it, against what it cost to acquire them. Every institution we have worked with, from a mutual bank to a global trading platform, has had to be persuaded to measure acquisition that way. This guide is the method, in the order it has worked.

The six things that make it hard

Financial services acquisition runs into the same six obstacles whatever the product. They are worth naming, because each chapter in this guide is a response to one of them.

  1. The buyer is comparing on price, in public. A term deposit, a home loan, a credit card or a brokerage account is shopped on a comparison site before your page is ever opened. If your rate is not competitive, no campaign fixes that. If it is, the campaign has to prove it at the moment of decision.
  2. The category is dominated by balance sheets bigger than yours. The Big Four in Australia, the high-street banks in the United Kingdom and the captive lenders at the dealership advertise nationally, at category-typical cost, all year. A mutual or a specialist cannot outspend them; it has to out-target them.
  3. The conversion happens after the click, and often after a human. A home loan application becomes a loan at the landing page and the broker handover, weeks later. A trading account is worthless until it is funded. Attribution that stops at the form is attribution of the wrong event.
  4. The margins are thin and regulated. Interchange on a low-rate card is capped. Net interest margin in the mutual sector runs near two percent. Acquisition cost has to sit inside those numbers, which means the ceiling is set by the product, not by the media plan.
  5. The rules are real, and they reach the ad. An Australian credit ad needs a comparison rate. A UK financial promotion has to be clear, fair and not misleading, and since 2023 has to show it delivers good outcomes. A New Zealand lender advertises inside the Responsible Lending Code. Every page, ad and email is written inside those lines.
  6. Trust is the product. A mutual’s community standing, a bank’s award, a platform’s regulator licence: these are the reasons a rate-shopper chooses you over the cheapest listing. They only work if the customer can see and verify them at the moment they decide.

Why it is worth doing on the numbers

When the economics are modelled properly, financial services rewards acquisition more than almost any other category, because the customer keeps paying. A term deposit acquired for Teachers Mutual Bank was worth the margin on its balance for the three years it was held, not the cost of the click that opened it. Modelled at the mutual sector net interest margin KPMG disclosed for the period, 2.03%, and a three-year average holding period, a single six-week campaign returned 5,090% on its investment. The acquisition cost was paid once; the margin was earned for three years.

What follows is the order we now build it: the website first, then organic and AI search, then paid search by product line, then the audiences, the amplification, the conversion flow, the nurturing that turns an application into money, and the attribution and economics that decide what to do next. Chapter one starts with a trading platform whose acquisition problem turned out to be its website.

Chapter 1

The website is the first credit decision

Before a prospect applies for anything, your website has already decided whether they will. It is read by a rate-shopper on a train, by Google’s crawler, by the comparison engines that scrape it and by the AI assistants that now answer “which bank should I use for this”. It has to work for all of them.

A trading platform that started with the site

Rakuten Securities, a global forex and metals trading platform, came to us with a media problem: sign-ups were expensive, and the sign-ups that arrived were not funding their accounts. The previous programme had been run by the group’s own marketing arm. The instinct was to fix the ads. The first thing we did instead was rebuild the website.

The site was redesigned and built from the ground up, every piece of creative with it, and the acquisition was restructured as a two-stage funnel: acquire the sign-up first, fund the account second, with each stage measured on its own. Campaigns were written for people who already understood the vocabulary of the product, so the site had to speak the same way. Only then did the media change: long-tail search terms instead of broad ones, audiences cut into micro-niches by interest, platform, intent stage and geography, and continuous creative testing across every format.

What a financial services website has to do

  • One page per product, with the rate and the fee on it. A page called “Savings” competes with every bank on earth. A page called “Term deposits for self-managed super funds”, with the current rate, the minimum balance and the term options in the first screen, competes with almost nobody and answers the question the searcher typed.
  • The number the law requires, where the law requires it. In Australia a consumer credit rate is advertised with its comparison rate and the prescribed warning. In the United Kingdom a credit promotion carries a representative APR. Put them where a regulator would look for them, and where a customer would, which is the same place.
  • Calculators and eligibility before the application. A repayment calculator, a borrowing-power estimate, a deposit-growth illustration. They do two jobs: they keep the ineligible from applying and wasting your assessor’s time, and they let the eligible see the number before they commit.
  • An application in as few steps as the risk allows. Identity and consent checks belong late in the flow, not on the first screen. Save-and-resume is not a luxury on a home loan form; it is where a third of your applications would otherwise die.
  • The people and the licence. Australian financial services licence and Australian credit licence numbers, the FCA firm reference, the FMA register entry. Names and photographs of the people who answer the phone. Anonymous institutions are hard to trust and, as chapter two explains, hard for an answer engine to recommend.
  • The proof. Awards, audited growth, member numbers, the years in business. Teachers Mutual Bank’s credit card carried Money Magazine’s Cheapest Credit Cards recognition through its campaign window, and that third-party line did more at the moment of decision than any headline we wrote.

Speed is a ranking factor and a trust factor

Google measures how real visitors experience your site and uses it in ranking. The three Core Web Vitals are Largest Contentful Paint (the main content should appear within 2.5 seconds), Interaction to Next Paint (the page should respond to a tap within 200 milliseconds) and Cumulative Layout Shift (nothing should jump around after it loads; a score under 0.1). Most institutional sites we audit fail the first one on a phone, because a content platform and a tag manager ship a megabyte of scripts before a rate is visible.

The commercial cost is simpler than the technical one. A rate-shopper on a train opens two lenders from a comparison site. One paints in a second, the other in six. The second lender does not get a second chance, and never finds out. Our free website audit measures six things on any site, from the bytes it actually sends rather than from a score: whether the final URL is secure, whether the homepage title says what the institution does, whether anything on the page tells Google where it is, whether the page tells a phone how to size itself, whether there is a description for search results to show, and how heavy the document and its render-blocking assets are.

Writing inside the rules

Compliance is not a reason to say less; it is a reason to say precise things. In Australia, ASIC’s Regulatory Guide 234 sets out what good advertising of financial products looks like, the National Credit Code requires a comparison rate whenever a consumer credit rate is advertised, a general advice warning is required where the content could be taken as advice, the design and distribution obligations mean every product has a target market determination the marketing has to respect, and a licensee that earns commission cannot call itself independent. In the United Kingdom, every financial promotion has to be clear, fair and not misleading under the FCA’s rules for investments, consumer credit and mortgages, and the Consumer Duty in force since July 2023 asks the firm to show the promotion supports good outcomes, not merely that it avoided bad ones. In New Zealand, the Financial Markets Conduct Act’s fair dealing provisions cover every financial product, and consumer credit is advertised inside the Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act and the Responsible Lending Code.

The practical version: state the rate, the fee, the eligibility and the audience the product was designed for, in the words the regulator uses. Use customer outcomes with permission and with the caveats the licence requires. Have your compliance team read the site once, and keep a note of what they approved. Then never write a page, an ad or an email that could not pass the same reading.

Chapter 4

Attracting the right customers

The cheapest application is worthless if the applicant is ineligible, and the most expensive one is cheap if it funds and stays. Attracting the right customers is an audience problem before it is a media problem, and the products that worked best were the ones where the audience was cut three ways before a dollar was spent.

Three audiences, one product

The term deposit campaign ran three parallel audience strategies, each with its own creative, intent profile and channel allocation. The comparison shopper, actively rate-hunting, was captured on Google Search. The existing member with a deposit maturing was reached through a rollover set and remarketing. The community-trust prospect, the teachers and education-sector audience the bank exists for, was reached through Facebook prospecting on the mutual’s own story rather than on rate. Working media ran at a blended A$2.43 per click and scaled materially through the engagement as performance gave the business case to keep investing.

The three-stage shape, prospect, remarket, close, is the one to copy. Each stage has a different audience, a different message and a different acceptable cost, and reporting them together hides which one is working.

Micro-segmentation for a trading audience

For Rakuten Securities the audiences were cut into micro-niches by interest, trading platform, intent stage and geography, then targeted across Google, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter and programmatic. Creative was written for people who knew what tight spreads and leverage meant, because those were the people who funded accounts. Google’s strategy moved from broad targeting to long-tail and competitor terms; on the Chinese-language variants in Australia, cost per click fell 42%. Facebook conversion rates rose 3.4 times after the audiences were refined. The lesson is not the platforms; it is that the segmentation was done on who funds, not on who clicks.

Timing the market

JB Markets, a securities and derivatives firm serving wholesale and retail traders, needed net new trader sign-ups at a cost per lead under A$50. Two gated offers ran in parallel: an ASX report delivered both through a landing page and through Facebook lead ads, with the two funnels tested against each other; and a Bitcoin Futures campaign timed to the CME’s launch of the contract, when news coverage and visible price action were drawing prospective traders to the category. Leads arrived at A$40 in the first week, A$10 under target, and at A$20 once the testing data accumulated. A timely offer with a real hook, aimed at the buyer the firm could actually serve, halved the cost the plan had budgeted.

Who not to attract

Every product has a target market determination or its equivalent, and it is the most useful audience brief in the building. The speculator who will never fund, the rate-hopper who leaves at the first maturity, the applicant outside the lending criteria: each costs an assessment and returns nothing. Exclude them in the targeting, say who the product is for on the page, and ask the qualifying question before the application, not after it.

Chapter 5

Amplifying reach: social, programmatic and the premium environment

Search captures the decision. The channels around it decide how many people reach that moment already knowing your name, and, when the attribution is honest, they carry a share of the conversions that search is usually credited with.

Paid social carries weight when it is attributed

On the home loan programme, Facebook prospecting against custom audiences produced 95 home loan conversions at A$384 each, outperforming search on both volume and cost on the same flight. AdRoll retargeting across the long consideration window produced 85 at A$528. Neither number would have been visible on last-click reporting; both were visible because the attribution had been rebuilt on Campaign Manager 360 before the first flight. Social and retargeting are not awareness spend in financial services. They are acquisition channels that happen to sit earlier in the visit.

Premium environments without premium cost

For the launch of Apple Pay, Macquarie Bank’s display campaign was constrained to an Apple-mandated list of 48 premium publications, from the BBC and the Sydney Morning Herald to Forbes, Reuters and The Economist. Inventory like that usually carries a cost per thousand many multiples above the open market. The placement strategy concentrated spend on the publications where the bank’s audience was already present rather than spreading across the whole list, and the static brand assets were animated into HTML5 creative fit for those environments. The campaign delivered at a cost per thousand of A$2.52 and a cost per click of A$3.14. Brand-environment discipline, built into the workflow rather than bolted on, absorbed the constraint without inflating the cost.

Traditional and digital in concert

Owners Advisory by Macquarie was a newly launched roboadvisor for do-it-yourself and self-managed super fund investors, in a category the market did not yet understand. The programme ran traditional media alongside performance digital under one team, on the premise that for an emerging product buyer education is the precondition to acquisition. Search, social and display carried the high-intent capture; traditional media carried the category. Sessions rose from 4,453 a month at kickoff to a peak of 9,703, a 2.18 times lift, with users up 2.76 times, and held at 8,726 in month four. For a product nobody was searching for by name, the awareness layer compounding into engaged sessions was the number that mattered.

Chapter 6

Converting visitors into applications

In financial services the landing page and the application are the same thing, and the application is where the money is lost. The credit card programme’s gap to benchmark came from a page that did not leak as much as from the keyword set that filled it.

The application is the landing page

  • The rate, the fee and the next step in the first screen. A visitor from a comparison site is checking that the page says what the listing said. If it does not, they are gone before the scroll.
  • Eligibility before effort. Two questions that tell the ineligible not to bother save your assessors a queue and save the applicant a rejection.
  • Steps sized to the product. A term deposit can open in five minutes. A home loan application is a conversation across days; build save-and-resume and a named human into it.
  • Identity and consent late, not first. Verification belongs after the applicant has decided, not as the price of finding out.
  • The disclosure block where the regulator would look. Comparison rate, target market, general advice warning, licence numbers. Present, legible, and not in the way.
  • A human option on every screen. A phone number that is answered and a booking link. The applicant who would rather talk is often the one with the largest balance.

Lead form or landing page? Test it

JB Markets’ gated ASX report was delivered two ways at once, through a landing-page form and through Facebook’s native lead form, and the two were tested against each other as the campaign accumulated data. That test is what moved cost per lead from A$40 in week one to A$20. Native lead forms convert more cheaply and qualify less; landing pages convert fewer people and tell you more about them. Which one wins depends on what your sales team does with a lead next, so run both and let the funded-account number decide.

Funded, not just signed up

The Rakuten Securities restructure split acquisition into two stages with two measurements: the sign-up and the funded account. Sixty percent of sign-ups funded, which is the number the business case was built on, and it was only knowable because the second stage was instrumented separately. A brokerage, a lender or a bank has the same second stage under a different name: funded, settled, activated, first deposit. Name it, measure it, and report conversion against it rather than against the form.

Chapter 7

Nurturing through funding and settlement

Between the application and the money there is a gap, and the gap is where a third of your acquisition cost is quietly wasted. The home loan programme’s 66% application-to-loan conversion was a documented rate, not an assumption, and everything in this chapter exists to move a number like it.

The gap between application and money

On the home loan flights, one application in three did not become a loan. On the car loan flight the same industry-typical rate applied. On the trading platform, four sign-ups in ten did not fund. The reasons repeat: documents not supplied, a competing offer, a broker who went quiet, a buyer captured at the showroom, an applicant who simply forgot. None of these is a media problem, and no amount of media spend fixes them. A nurturing sequence does, and it is the cheapest conversion lift in the funnel because the acquisition cost has already been paid.

Sequences that stay inside the rules

  • Service messages, not promotions, wherever the law allows it. “Your application is missing a payslip” is a service message. “Rates have moved, apply now” is a marketing one, and it needs consent under the Spam Act in Australia, the Unsolicited Electronic Messages Act in New Zealand and the privacy and electronic communications rules in the United Kingdom.
  • Short, specific, and stopped when the job is done. Three touches over ten days for a deposit; a longer, gentler cadence for a home loan that is waiting on a valuation. Every message answers one question or asks for one thing.
  • A named person. The sequence comes from the lending specialist or the account manager, with a direct number, not from a no-reply address.
  • The same compliance reading as the site. The comparison rate, the target market and the general advice warning travel with the message.

Capacity is part of the funnel

JB Markets’ campaign had to be paused. Not because it failed, but because at A$20 a lead it produced more volume than the internal sales team could service, and a lead that waits is a lead that goes elsewhere. The pause held until the firm streamlined its process to absorb what the campaign could deliver. Plan the handover before the first flight: how many qualified applications a week the team can process, who owns the ones that arrive on a Friday afternoon, and what the campaign does when the queue is full. A budget the operation cannot absorb is not a growth plan.

The rollover audience

The cheapest deposit a bank acquires is the one it already holds. The term deposit system’s existing-member rollover set, reached through remarketing and the member channel at maturity, was one of its three audiences for a reason: the acquisition cost is near zero and the balance is known. Every product has an equivalent moment, the fixed rate expiring, the card anniversary, the account that has not traded in ninety days. Build the sequence for it before you buy a single new customer.

Chapter 8

Tracking and attribution

Every Teachers Mutual Bank product line ran on the same attribution architecture, rebuilt in Campaign Manager 360 before the first flight, and that one decision is why the numbers in this guide exist at all. Attribution comes before spend, because spend without it is opinion.

Rebuild the attribution before the first flight

The home loan, term deposit, credit card and car loan systems shared one attribution layer, so every channel’s contribution to every product could be reconciled and the channel mix reset between flights on what had actually worked rather than what was assumed to have worked. It is the reason Facebook’s 95 home loan conversions and retargeting’s 85 were counted instead of credited to the last search click, and it is the reason the next year’s plan could be modelled rather than guessed. The rebuild is unglamorous work: a tag plan, a conversion taxonomy, consented cookies, server-side events where the browser blocks them, and a reconciliation against the core banking system every month.

Define the conversion by the product

The conversion that matters, by product
ProductThe platform seesThe business countsHow it gets back
Term depositApplication submittedBalance funded, with its size and termOffline import of funded balances, weekly
Home loanApplication submittedLoan settled, with its principalOffline import at settlement; broker outcomes reconciled monthly
Credit cardApplication submittedAccount approved and activatedOffline import at activation
Trading accountSign-upAccount funded, with its first depositServer event on first deposit, matched to the click id
Wealth and adviceEngaged session or enquiryQualified lead, then clientCRM stage changes imported as conversions

The platform is told about the second column and optimises for it. The business is run on the third. Chapter eight’s job is to make the fourth column real, so the platform learns from the number that matters.

Close the loop offline

Google Ads and the social platforms accept conversions after the fact, matched by the click identifier stored at the first visit. A settled loan imported three weeks after the click teaches the bidding which keywords produce loans rather than applications, and it is the single biggest lever on cost per funded customer once the account has volume. Consent comes first: the click identifier is personal data under the Privacy Act in Australia, the Privacy Act 2020 in New Zealand and the UK GDPR, so the consent banner, the privacy policy and the data-sharing terms have to say what is being done with it.

The five numbers to report monthly

  1. Cost per application, by product line and by channel, with brand reported separately.
  2. Application-to-funded (or settled, or activated) rate, and the days it takes.
  3. Cost per funded customer, the number the ceiling in chapter nine is set against.
  4. Modelled margin acquired this month, on the product’s own economics, with the assumptions stated.
  5. Share of conversions attributed beyond last click, so the channels that start the journey are funded as well as the one that ends it.

Chapter 9

The economics: margin, ceilings and modelled returns

The question is never “what is a good cost per lead”. It is “what is an acquired customer worth over the period we hold them, and what fraction of that can we spend to acquire them”. The four models below are the case studies’ own models restated, with their assumptions and their sensitivity, so you can rebuild them for your products.

Set the ceiling from the margin, not the market

The ceiling on acquisition cost is the modelled margin per customer, multiplied by the holding period, divided by the payback you require. For a term deposit: the average balance acquired, times the net interest margin, times the average years held. Teachers Mutual Bank’s campaign modelled the balances at the KPMG-disclosed mutual sector margin of 2.03% over a three-year average hold, which produced A$5.7 million of modelled margin from a single six-week flight and a 5,090% return on the campaign investment. The same arithmetic, run before the campaign, is what set the cost the campaign was allowed to pay.

Worked models from the case studies

Four products, the same arithmetic
ProductAcquisitionConversion to moneyValue basisModelled result
Term depositsOne six-week flight at a blended A$2.43 per clickBalances funded2.03% sector margin over a three-year holdA$5.7M margin; 5,090% return
Home loans342 applications at A$716 each66% documented application-to-loan; about 226 loansDocumented average new loan size in the windowAbout A$94M originated
Car loans66 applications at A$566.96 each66% industry-typical; about 44 loansABS average new car loan of about A$24,000About A$1.05M principal; 239% modelled margin return
Credit cardsAbout A$12 per applicationApproved and activated accountsInterchange-led, capped, so the ceiling is low777% below the A$110 category benchmark

Sensitivity, honestly

A model is only as useful as the range it admits. The car loan return of about 239% carries a stated band of 107% to 389%, reflecting the ABS principal range of A$22,000 to A$26,000 and a net-margin band of 8% to 16%. The home loan originations depend on the documented 66% conversion holding. The deposit margin depends on balances staying for three years. State the bands, update them from the settled numbers every quarter, and let the ceiling move with them. A return quoted without its assumptions is a number nobody should spend against.

Growth you can audit

The test of a modelled return is whether it shows up in the accounts. In the engagement period, Teachers Mutual Bank’s audited retail deposit book grew A$743 million, from A$4.55 billion to A$5.29 billion, a 16.3% increase against a mutual sector rate of 10.5%. The home loan portfolio grew 20.6% to A$5.2 billion, more than twice the sector’s residential lending growth of 9.8%. The asset base grew from A$5.54 billion to A$6.68 billion. The acquisition systems were one contributor among several, and the case studies say so; the point is that the campaign models and the audited growth pointed the same way.

Conclusion

The order of operations

None of this is complicated. Most of it is unfashionable, because the fashionable part, the media, comes fifth. Done in this order, each step makes the next one cheaper.

What to do, in order

  1. Model the customer’s value first. Margin, holding period, payback. Set the ceiling on acquisition cost from that, per product line, and write it down.
  2. Rebuild the attribution. One layer across every product and channel, the conversion defined as the money event, the loop closed offline with consent.
  3. Fix the website. One page per product with the rate on it, calculators and eligibility before the application, speed on a phone, the licence and the people, the disclosures where they belong.
  4. Earn the long tail and the answer. Product-and-segment pages, the guides for the question before the purchase, and the entity work that lets an assistant say your name.
  5. Buy the decision precisely. Phrase and exact match, state by state, brand apart from generic, one page per ad group, manual bids until the account can learn.
  6. Cut the audiences three ways and amplify. Prospect, remarket, close; social and retargeting funded on attributed conversions; premium environments bought with discipline.
  7. Convert to the money event, then nurture to it. Applications that do not leak, a test between forms, a sequence inside the rules, a team sized to the volume.
  8. Report five numbers, and move the ceiling with the settled results.

The engagements in this guide were run for institutions that measured acquisition on their own economics and had the patience to build in this order. If you would like to see what the same order would look like for your products, the fastest way is a short call with the person who wrote it.

This quarter

Six things to do before you spend a dollar.

  1. 01Write down, for each product line, what an acquired customer is worth over the period you actually hold them: the modelled margin, not the first year’s revenue. Every budget decision in this guide is made against that number.
  2. 02Open your best product page on a phone over mobile data and time it. If the rate, the fee and the next step are not on the first screen, that is the first job.
  3. 03Search your product with your state or city attached, in a private window. Note which comparison sites, which competitors and which awards the AI answer names. If your institution is absent, chapter two explains why.
  4. 04Pull the search-terms report from your Google Ads account for the last ninety days. Highlight every term you would not want to pay for. That is your negative list and the case for phrase and exact match.
  5. 05Ask your CRM one question: of the last hundred applications, how many funded or settled, and how long did it take? If it cannot answer, attribution comes before spend.
  6. 06Ask your sales or lending team how many qualified applications a week they can actually process. If a campaign could exceed that, plan the handover before the first flight.

The designed edition

Take the designed edition with you.

Leave your details and the PDF opens now: every chapter, the four worked models and the checklist, laid out for a desk rather than a screen. Within a working day we will also send a short plain-English note on what your website is telling Google.

We will send a short note on what it is telling Google.

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